Methods for estimating vapour pressure deficit on a regional scale, depending on data availability. Notes on the radiation in the atmosphere.
Climate Data and Resources (Routledge) 366pp. Climates and Weather Explained (Routledge) 432pp. Similar equations have been derived, but not specified for places in Spain (4). The standard error between the data and this quadratic equation is only 0.57 K, which is reasonable since values in the Table were adjusted to the nearest integer and hence may be wrong by half a degree. The values in Table 6.1 may be represented by the following equation. a sea breeze), and is worth investigating. Accumulated Snowfall - Near-Surface Temperature - Surface Dewpoint - Jet Stream Winds - Cloud Cover - Surface Winds - Accumulated Precipitation. 10 DAY GFS MODEL FORECASTS - Surface Pressure & Precip. A large estimation error at a particular place or time signals another process, in particular advection (e.g. Ohio 7 Day Dewpoint Temperature Forecast. At Sydney, for example, there is indeed a relationship between the cloudiness and the difference between the daily maximum T x and the dewpoint T d, but the correlation is not high (2, p.142). For instance, it is less invalid near the coast, where sea breezes affect surface conditions alone. The relation between surface dewpoint temperature and cloudiness is only approximate. This can be rearranged as an association of the humidity with the two daily extreme temperatures. So the minimum depends on the maximum and the humidity. The most significant radiators, low clouds, also relate best to surface humidity. The latter is also assumed related to the humidity measured at the surface. The latter depends on the air's humidity in the case of a clear sky (3), or otherwise on the amount of cloudiness (2, p.96). That rate is governed chiefly by the value of the longwave radiation flux from the ground at the maximum and subsequent temperatures, and by the longwave radiation to the ground from the clouds and the air, i.e. The relationship is based on the fact that today's minimum temperature is governed by the rate of cooling from the maximum temperature in the afternoon until sunrise the next morning. So this relationship does yield normative values. The mean error in dewpoint was a mere 0.8 K, however the standard deviation was 3.8 K. This empirical relationship was tested at 46 other places, and estimated values were, on average, very close to the actual values. That in turn was contrived from a collection of longterm average monthly mean values of daily extreme temperatures and dewpoint from 127 places around the world. Table 6.1 in the text (1) was derived from a diagram in a previous book (2, Fig 3.10). Estimating the dewpoint Estimating the dewpoint
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